- βHigh cost, skin irritation, and difficulty understanding CGM data are the biggest obstacles stopping people with type 2 diabetes from using continuous glucose monitors.
| Journal | International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care |
| Year | 2025 |
| Authors | Barchiesi, Calabrese, Costa |
| PMID | 40338639 |
| DOI | 10.1093/intqhc/mzaf046 |
What This Study Found
A 2025 systematic review looked at research published between 2018 and 2024 to understand why people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) often don't use continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), even when these devices can improve their health. Researchers found several recurring barriers β from the price of sensors to skin discomfort and confusion about all the data these devices produce. The review also pointed to practical ways healthcare providers and policymakers can help more patients benefit from this technology.
Why This Matters for You
CGMs are small wearable devices that track your blood sugar throughout the day and night β no fingerstick required every time. Studies have shown they can help people with T2D keep their glucose levels more stable and reduce dangerous low blood sugar episodes. But a device that sits in the drawer helps no one.
Understanding why people avoid CGMs is the first step toward making them work better for real patients in real life.
The Main Barriers Patients Face
- Cost: CGM sensors are expensive, and insurance coverage for people with T2D β especially those not using insulin β is often limited or inconsistent.
- Skin and wearability issues: Many patients report irritation, redness, or allergic reactions from the adhesive used to keep sensors in place. Others feel self-conscious about the sensor being visible on their body.
- Fear of insertion: The idea of placing a small sensor under the skin can feel intimidating, especially for people new to the technology.
- Data overload: CGMs generate a constant stream of glucose readings. Without proper guidance, many patients find this information confusing rather than helpful.
- Low health literacy and lack of support: Some patients struggle to connect CGM data to daily decisions about food, activity, or medication. Limited support from healthcare teams or family members makes this harder.
- Limited tech support: Patients who aren't comfortable with smartphones or apps may find CGM systems difficult to set up and maintain.
What Could Help
The researchers encourage healthcare providers to take a patient-centered approach β meaning they tailor education and support to each person's comfort level and lifestyle. They also call on policymakers to expand insurance coverage and reduce out-of-pocket costs.
On the technology side, the review suggests that better sensor design β including more skin-friendly adhesives and clearer, simpler data displays β could make a real difference. Connecting CGMs with automated insulin delivery systems and broader chronic care programs was also highlighted as a promising direction.
The Bottom Line
CGMs have real potential to improve life with type 2 diabetes, but only if patients can actually use them comfortably and confidently. Addressing cost, skin comfort, and education gaps are key priorities.
If you've been curious about CGM-compatible supplies or skin-friendly adhesive accessories, MDS Diabetes carries a range of diabetes management products designed with everyday wearability in mind. Explore the full selection at mdsdiabetes.com to find options that fit your routine.
β Key Takeaway
High cost, skin irritation, and difficulty understanding CGM data are the biggest obstacles stopping people with type 2 diabetes from using continuous glucose monitors β but better support, design, and coverage can change that.
Citation: Barchiesi, Calabrese, Costa (2025). Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of barriers and opportunities for care improvement. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. PMID: 40338639. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaf046